Dab tsi yog qhov txawv ntawm fiber ntau thiab textile?
Taw qhia:
Fiber thiab textile yog cov ntsiab lus uas feem ntau siv hauv cov ntaub ntawv thiab ntaub. Thaum lawv muaj kev sib raug zoo, lawv hais txog ntau yam ntawm tib lub hauv paus ntsiab lus. Hauv tsab xov xwm no, peb yuav tshawb txog qhov sib txawv ntawm fiber ntau thiab textile, qhia txog lawv cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb thiab kev siv. Los ntawm kev nkag siab txog cov kev sib txawv no, peb tuaj yeem nkag siab tob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb ntawm textiles thiab txaus siab rau lub luag haujlwm uas lawv ua hauv peb lub neej txhua hnub.
Fiber ntau:
Fiber yog hais txog lub hauv paus ntawm cov khoom siv textile. Nws yog ib yam khoom sib luag thiab elongated, feem ntau nrog lub microscopic txoj kab uas hla, uas tuaj yeem spun rau hauv xov paj thiab ua rau hauv ntaub. Fibers tau muab faib ua ob pawg loj: ntuj thiab hluavtaws.
1. Natural fibers:
Natural fibers yog cov uas tshwm sim ib txwm muaj thiab raug sau los ntawm cov nroj tsuag, tsiaj txhu, thiab cov zaub mov. Muaj ntau hom natural fibers, xws li:
a. Cog fibers:Cov fibers no tau los ntawm cov nroj tsuag thiab suav nrog paj rwb, linen, xyoob, jute, thiab hemp. Lawv paub txog lawv cov softness, breathability, thiab absorbency. Paj rwb, piv txwv li, yog siv dav hauv kev lag luam textile vim nws cov khoom zoo heev, xws li kev nplij siab thiab kav ntev.
b. Tsiaj fibers:Cov fibers no tau muab los ntawm cov tsiaj txhu thiab suav nrog cov ntaub plaub, silk, cashmere, angora, thiab ntxhuav plaub hau. Tsiaj fibers feem ntau muaj nuj nqis rau lawv qhov sov so, softness, thiab khoom kim heev. Wool, tau los ntawm yaj, tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo rau nws cov khoom siv rwb thaiv tsev, ua rau nws haum rau lub caij ntuj no khaub ncaws.
c. Mineral fibers:Txawm hais tias tsis tshua muaj ntau dua li cov nroj tsuag thiab tsiaj fibers, cov ntxhia fibers muaj cov khoom tshwj xeeb uas ua rau lawv muaj txiaj ntsig hauv kev siv tshwj xeeb. Piv txwv li, asbestos, txawm tias tam sim no tau txwv ntau vim kev txhawj xeeb txog kev noj qab haus huv, tau siv dav hauv yav dhau los rau nws cov hluav taws kub thiab rwb thaiv tsev. Lwm cov ntxhia fibers, xws li fiberglass, yog siv hauv kev tsim kho kev lag luam rau kev txhawb nqa.
2. Synthetic fibers:
Tsis zoo li ntuj fibers, hluavtaws fibers yog tib neeg tsim los ntawm cov txheej txheem tshuaj. Lawv tau muab los ntawm ntau yam khoom siv raw, suav nrog roj av, thee, thiab cov nkev ntuj. Synthetic fibers paub txog lawv lub zog, versatility, thiab yooj yim txij nkawm. Piv txwv ntawm cov hluavtaws fibers muaj xws li polyester, nylon, acrylic, thiab spandex. Cov fibers no feem ntau ua raws li cov khoom ntawm ntuj fibers thiab feem ntau siv hauv kev lag luam textile vim lawv pheej yig thiab kev ua tau zoo.
Textile:
Textile, ntawm qhov tod tes, hais txog txhua yam khoom siv los ntawm fibers. Nws yog ib lub ntsiab lus dav uas suav nrog ob qho tib si woven thiab non-woven fabrics. Textiles tuaj yeem ua los ntawm cov txheej txheem sib txawv, suav nrog kev xaws, knitting, felting, thiab braiding. Lawv tuaj yeem raug cais ntxiv rau hauv pawg hauv qab no:
1. Woven Textiles:
Woven textiles yog tsim los ntawm interlacing ob txheej ntawm yarns, hu ua warp thiab weft. Lub warp yarns khiav parallel mus rau qhov ntev ntawm cov ntaub, thaum lub weft yarns khiav perpendicular mus rau warp. Qhov kev sib cuam tshuam no tsim ib qho qauv thiab cov qauv sib txawv. Cov piv txwv ntawm cov khoom siv woven xws li paj rwb twill, silk charmeuse, thiab ntaub plaub gabardine. Woven fabrics zoo li ruaj, ruaj khov, thiab muaj cov ntaub zoo.
2. Tsis-woven textiles:
Non-woven textiles yog tsim los ntawm kev sib txuas los yog sib txuas cov fibers ua ke, xws li mechanically lossis chemically, tsis tas yuav tsum tau xaws los yog knitting. Qhov no ua rau cov ntaub nrog cov yam ntxwv sib txawv, xws li muaj zog ntxiv, resilience, thiab absorbency. Non-woven textiles yog siv rau hauv ntau daim ntawv thov, suav nrog cov khoom kho mob, geotextiles, thiab cov khoom siv pov tseg xws li cov ntaub so thiab cov ntaub so ntswg.
3. Knitted textiles:
Knitted textiles yog tsim los ntawm interlooping yarns ua ke hauv ib qho qauv tshwj xeeb. Qhov no interlooping tsim ib tug series ntawm interconnected loops uas tsim ib tug saj zawg zog thiab stretchable ntaub. Knitted fabrics paub txog lawv txoj kev nplij siab, elasticity, thiab breathability. Piv txwv ntawm knitted textiles muaj xws li tsho, thom khwm, thiab sweaters.
4. Kev xav:
Felting yog txheej txheem ntawm matting fibers ua ke los ntawm kev siv ya raws, cua sov, thiab siab. Nws yog feem ntau ua nrog wool fibers, uas muaj microscopic scales uas interlock thaum agitated. Felting tsim cov ntaub ntom ntom thiab ruaj khov feem ntau siv rau cov kaus mom, hnab, thiab ntaub pua plag.
Xaus:
Hauv cov ntsiab lus, fiber ntau thiab textile yog cov ntsiab lus sib cuam tshuam uas hais txog ntau yam ntawm cov ntaub ntawv thiab ntaub. Fiber yog lub hauv paus tsev thaiv ntawm textiles thiab tuaj yeem yog ntuj (nroj tsuag, tsiaj, ntxhia) lossis hluavtaws. Textile, ntawm qhov tod tes, yog cov khoom kawg ua los ntawm fibers thiab suav nrog woven, non-woven, knitted, thiab felted fabrics. Kev nkag siab txog qhov sib txawv ntawm fiber ntau thiab textile pab peb txaus siab rau ntau yam ntawm cov ntaub ntawv muaj nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb ntawm textiles thiab tso cai rau peb ua kom paub cov kev xaiv raws li peb cov kev xav tau tshwj xeeb thiab kev nyiam.